原文标题:Are teenagers growing dimmer?
出处:The Economist, September 12th 2026
段落一
英文原文
PISA scores began drifting downwards around 2012. The evidence is growing that tablets, mobile phones and other such screens are distracting youngsters from their studies and diverting them from hobbies, like reading books, that instil the ability to focus. So limits on screens seem prudent. About half of countries now ban mobile phones from schools to some extent; more should follow. Used carefully, technology can benefit classrooms. More usually, snazzy new tools and devices just get in the way.
重点词汇 · 短语 · 句式
•drift downwards:短语,呈下滑趋势;drift 本义"漂移、逐渐变化",此处描述数值缓慢走低。
•distract sb. from sth.:固定搭配,使某人从……上分心、分散某人做某事的注意力。
•divert sb. from sth.:固定搭配,使某人转移对……的兴趣 / 注意力。
•instil (sth.):vt. 逐渐灌输、逐步培养(品质、能力等);常用搭配 instil sth. in sb.
•prudent:adj. 审慎的、明智的、稳妥的。
•to some extent:固定短语,在某种程度上。
•snazzy:adj.〈非正式〉时髦的、花哨的。
•get in the way:固定习语,造成妨碍、成为阻碍。
•Used carefully, technology can benefit classrooms.:分词作状语句式——过去分词置于句首表条件,相当于 If (technology is) used carefully。
中文翻译
PISA(国际学生评估项目)成绩大约从 2012 年开始呈现下滑趋势。越来越多的证据表明,平板电脑、手机及其他各类屏幕设备分散了青少年的学习注意力,并使他们远离了诸如阅读书籍这类有助于培养专注力的爱好。因此,对屏幕使用加以限制显得十分审慎。目前,约有一半的国家在不同程度上禁止在校内使用手机;其他国家也应效仿。如果使用得当,科技能够为课堂带来益处;但更多时候,那些花哨的新工具和设备反而成了干扰因素。 |
段落二
英文原文
PISA may itself share some blame for setting school reformers on a dodgy course. When the tests were first carried out in 2000, Finland shocked the world by coming top of the table. Policymakers who trekked to Helsinki for lessons returned with messages that teachers in their home countries were only too happy to receive. Finland appeared to have achieved striking results with only limited testing and inspections. Its educational establishment espoused "play‑based" learning, especially for younger children. It argued that teachers should spend less time talking in front of blackboards and more time helping pupils work things out for themselves.
重点词汇 · 短语 · 句式
•share some blame for…:固定表达,对……负有一定责任、难辞其咎。
•set sb. on a … course:使某人走上一条……的道路。
•dodgy:adj. 有问题的、不可靠的、有风险的。
•carry out:短语动词,实施、开展(测试、计划)。
•come top of the table:习语,排名位居榜首;table 此处指排名榜单。
•trek to:短语,长途跋涉前往;文中比喻各国官员专程前去"取经"。
•policymaker:n. 政策制定者、决策者。
•only too happy to do:固定句式,非常乐意做某事(only too = very)。
•striking results:显著的、惊人的成效。
•educational establishment:固定名词短语,教育界、教育体系、教育机构。
•espouse:vt.〈正式〉拥护、支持、信奉(理念、政策)。
•play‑based learning:基于游戏的学习。
•work things out for oneself:独立弄清问题、自行解决问题。
中文翻译
PISA(国际学生评估项目)本身或许也难辞其咎,因为它引导学校改革者走上了一条有问题的道路。2000 年首次进行该项测试时,芬兰位居榜首,令世界震惊。各国决策者纷纷前往赫尔辛基"取经",带回来的经验之谈恰好是本国教师们非常乐于听到的。芬兰似乎在测试和督导极少的情况下,就取得了惊人的成效。其教育体系推崇"基于游戏"的学习方式,尤其是在针对低龄儿童时。该体系主张,教师不应把太多时间花在黑板前讲课,而应更多地引导学生自主探索并解决问题。 |
段落三
英文原文
Yet since that first test almost no country has seen its scores fall as steeply as Finland—a slide that continues in the latest results. Finland's critics posit that the high marks it achieved in 2000 in fact reflected old‑fashioned educational approaches that were still prevalent in its schools well into the 1990s—and not the newer "progressive" policies for which it became famous. If that is the case, the error may have set dozens of school systems off‑course.
重点词汇 · 短语 · 句式
•steeply:adv.(数值)急剧地、大幅度地;形容词 steep 陡峭的、(降幅)大的。
•slide:n. 下滑、跌落;此处指成绩持续走低;破折号引导同位语,对前文 fall 进行补充说明。
•posit:v.〈正式〉假设、认定、提出(看法)。
•high marks:高分、优异成绩。
•old‑fashioned:adj. 老式的、传统的。
•prevalent:adj. 盛行的、普遍流行的。
•well into the 1990s:固定表达,一直到 20 世纪 90 年代中后期;well 用来加强时间语气。
•progressive policies:进步主义政策;progressive adj. 革新的、进步的。
•for which it became famous:定语从句,介词 for 提前,还原:it became famous for the newer "progressive" policies。
•dozens of:几十个、数十个。
•set … off‑course:使……偏离方向;off‑course 偏离轨道的。
中文翻译
然而,自首次测试以来,几乎没有哪个国家的成绩下滑幅度像芬兰这样剧烈——在最新的评估结果中,这种下滑趋势仍在持续。芬兰的一些批评者认为,该国在 2000 年取得的高分,实际上反映的是其学校在 20 世纪 90 年代依然盛行的传统教育模式,而非后来使其声名鹊起的那些"进步主义"政策。如果事实确实如此,那么这一误判可能已经让数十个国家的教育体系偏离了正确的方向。 |
段落四
英文原文
Britain's march up the rankings deserves more attention than it has received. Starting some 15 years ago under a Conservative‑led coalition government, school reformers in England—by a long way the largest of the country's four separate school systems—zigged when much of the rest of the world zagged. The nation made its curriculums more fact‑filled (some prefer to say "knowledge‑rich") at a time when policymakers elsewhere had been waxing lyrical about instilling vague soft skills. It made exams more rigorous, deprioritised coursework (on which it is easy to cheat) and toughened inspections. Politicians also sought to steer schools away from newfangled styles of instruction that are fashionable but untested, and back towards methods that are more dyed‑in‑the‑wool.
重点词汇 · 短语 · 句式
•march up the rankings:短语,在排名中稳步攀升;march 本义"行军",比喻稳步前进。
•deserve more attention than it has received:理应得到比现在更多的关注。
•Conservative‑led coalition government:保守党主导的联合政府。
•by a long way:插入语,远远、大大地(表程度差距)。
•zig when … zagged:习语,别人向东他向西;采取截然相反的路线;zig 之字形前进,zag 反向折返。
•fact‑filled / knowledge‑rich curriculums:充满事实内容 / 知识丰富型课程。
•at a time when…:固定句型,在……的那个时期、当……之时。
•wax lyrical about:固定习语,对……大加夸赞、大谈特谈。
•vague soft skills:模糊的软技能;soft skills 软技能(沟通、协作等非专业知识能力)。
•rigorous:adj. 严格的、严谨的。
•deprioritise:vt. 降低……的优先级、不再优先重视。
•coursework:n. 课程作业(计入成绩的非考试任务);括号内"on which it is easy to cheat"为介词提前的定语从句。
•toughen inspections:加强督导、加大检查力度;toughen vt. 使变得严格。
•steer … away from … back towards…:引导……远离……,回归到……。
•newfangled:adj. 新奇时髦却未必实用的。
•untested:adj. 未经检验的。
•dyed‑in‑the‑wool:习语,根深蒂固的、久经传统考验的;本义"染进羊毛纤维里的",比喻根深蒂固。
中文翻译
英国在各科排名中的攀升,理应获得比目前更多的关注。大约 15 年前,在保守党主导的联合政府执政期间,英格兰(在英国四个独立的学校体系中,英格兰的规模远超其他三个)的教育改革者们采取了与世界其他许多地区截然不同的路径。当其他地区的决策者们还在大谈特谈培养模糊的"软技能"时,英国却选择在课程中充实更多的事实性内容(也有人称之为"知识丰富型"课程)。英国提高了考试的严谨度,降低了平时作业(因其容易滋生作弊行为)的比重,并加强了学校督导。此外,政界人士还致力于引导学校摒弃那些时髦却未经检验的新式教学法,转而回归更为传统、久经考验的教学方式。 |
段落五
英文原文
Test scores are not the measure of a person, nor proof that they are destined for failure or success. But good grades are highly predictive of fatter earnings, better health and longer lives, among a world of other benefits. At the national level, improvements in a country's braininess appear to track closely with later bursts of economic growth; one analysis by Ludger Woessmann and Eric Hanushek, two economists, concludes that increasing PISA test scores by 25 points could push up annual GDP growth in rich countries by half a percentage point.
重点词汇 · 短语 · 句式
•the measure of a person:衡量一个人的标准。
•nor proof that…:倒装省略结构,也不是……的证明;nor 用于否定句后接续并列否定。
•be destined for…:注定走向……、命中注定会有……(结局)。
•be highly predictive of:对……有很强预示作用;predictive adj. 有预测效力的。
•fatter earnings:口语化表达,更高的收入;fatter 本义"更丰厚的"。
•among a world of other benefits:还有许许多多其他益处;a world of = a great many 大量。
•at the national level:在国家层面。
•braininess:n. 智力水平、国民智力素质(抽象名词)。
•track closely with:与……密切同步、和……紧密相关。
•bursts of economic growth:经济增长爆发;burst n. 爆发、激增。
•conclude that…:(研究)得出结论认为……。
•push up:使上升、推高。
•half a percentage point:0.5 个百分点;注意:percentage point 百分点,区别于 percent(百分比)。
中文翻译
考试成绩并不能衡量一个人,也无法预示其注定会失败或成功。但良好的成绩往往预示着更高的收入、更健康的体魄、更长的寿命,以及其他诸多益处。从国家层面来看,国民智力水平(或称"国民素质")的提升,往往与随后出现的经济增长爆发密切相关;经济学家卢德格·沃斯曼(Ludger Woessmann)和埃里克·哈努谢克(Eric Hanushek)的一项分析指出,若 PISA(国际学生评估项目)测试成绩提高 25 分,发达国家的年度 GDP 增长率便有望提升 0.5 个百分点。 |