【坐标】九年级 · 中考冲刺 · 语法(进阶)
定语从句是中考语法里公认的硬骨头。其实选关系词就两步,口诀一句:缺人用 who,缺物用 which,whose 表"的",that 是万金油。今天两步定位法教会你。
一句话讲清是什么
定语从句就是"用一个句子当形容词",贴在一个名词后面修饰它。那个名词叫先行词,把从句和先行词连起来的词叫关系词(who/which/that/whose…)。
例:I like the girl who sings well. 我喜欢那个唱歌好的女孩。(the girl 是先行词,who sings well 整个句子当定语,修饰"哪个女孩")
两步定位法(做题直接套)
第一步:看先行词是人还是物。
人 → who / that;物 → which / that
第二步:看从句缺不缺成分。
从句缺主语/宾语 → who / which / that(做宾语时可省)
从句不缺成分,先行词是时间/地点/原因 → when / where / why
表示"……的" → whose
例句逐个看(★是考点):
① The boy who/that is playing basketball is my classmate. 正在打篮球的男孩是我同学。(先行词 boy 是人,从句缺主语→who/that)
② ★ This is the book which/that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的书。(物+缺宾语→which/that,可省略)
③ ★ I still remember the day when we first met. 我还记得我们第一次见面的那天。(从句不缺成分,先行词是时间→when)
④ ★ That's the girl whose father is a doctor. 那就是那个爸爸是医生的女孩。("女孩的爸爸"→whose 表"的")
⚠️ 三个年年有人踩的坑
坑1:先行词前有这些词,只能用 that 不能用 which。
最高级、序数词、the only / the very、不定代词(all/everything/nothing等)、人和物混合时。
① This is the best film that I have ever seen.
② All that we need is time.
③ They talked about the people and things that they remembered.(人+物混合→that)
记法:"最高唯一序数词,不定代词人加物——都用 that"。
坑2:关系词后面别再重复成分!
错:This is the book which I bought it yesterday.
对:This is the book which I bought yesterday.
原因:which 已经代替 book 当了宾语,再加 it 就是一个人占俩坑。
坑3:介词提前时,人用 whom 物用 which,不能用 that。
The girl with whom I talked is my cousin.(= The girl who/that I talked with…)
初中阶段认识即可,考试遇到会认就行。
练一练(先自己做,再往下滑对答案)
1. The man ______ is talking with our teacher is my uncle.
A. who B. which C. whose
2. This is the most interesting story ______ I have ever heard.
A. which B. that C. who
3. Do you remember the park ______ we visited last week?
A. where B. which C. when
4. I have a friend ______ hair is very long.
A. who B. which C. whose
5. Everything ______ he said was true.
A. which B. that C. what
------- 答案往下滑 -------
1. A。先行词 man 是人,从句缺主语→who。
2. B。最高级 most interesting 在前,只能用 that。
3. B。visit 是及物动词,从句缺宾语→which(可省)。注意别看到 park 就选 where——visited 后面缺东西,必须用 which。
4. C。"朋友的头发"→whose 表"的"。
5. B。先行词是不定代词 everything,只用 that。
一句话总结:两步定位——先看人是物,再看缺不缺成分;"最高唯一序数词,不定代词人加物"只用 that;whose 表"的";关系词后不重复成分。
觉得有用,转发给身边有初三孩子的家长,收藏起来考前翻一遍。中考高频语法持续更新,点个关注不迷路。
互动一下:孩子语法哪块最头疼?评论区告诉我,优先安排。
依据人教版初中英语教学大纲及近年中考高频考点整理,各版本教材通用。